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Wind Energy

How Does Wind Energy Work?

The diagram below shows a simplified version how a wind turbine converts the kinetic energy in the wind to electrical energy around the country. If you can't see the diagram you will need to download flash to see it.

  1. The wind blows on the blades and makes them turn.
  2. The blades turns a shaft inside the nacelle (the box at the top of the turbine)
  3. The shaft goes into a gearbox which increases the rotation speed enough for...
  4. The generator, which uses magnetic fields to convert the rotational energy into electrical energy. These are similar to those found in normal power stations.
  5. The power output goes to a transformer, which converts the electricity coming out of the generator at around 700 Volts (V) to the right voltage for distribution system, typically 33,000 V.
  6. The national grid transmits the power around the country.

Instruments to measure the wind speed and direction are fitted on top of the nacelle. When the wind changes direction motors turn the nacelle, and the blades along with it, around to face the wind. The nacelle is also fitted with brakes, so that the turbine can be switched off in very high winds, like during storms. This prevents the turbine being damaged. All this information is recorded by computers and transmitted to a control centre, which means that people don't have to visit the turbine very often, just occasionally for a mechanical check. This is often done by local firms.

The real situation is more complicated, with many wind turbines, more voltages, different types of generators and safety systems, but this is a good guide to the basics.

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